Mount Everest, the highest summit on earth, is a hotspot for both mountaineers and scientists. To our current knowledge, human beings began to climb Mount Everest in 1921, and climbers discovered plant distributions in extreme altitude  areas such as Eric Shipton, a famous British alpinist who collected Saussurea gnaphalodes and Lepidostemon everestianus at the East Rongbuk Glacier of Mount Everest at ca. 6,400 meters above sea level (m asl.)  in 1935 - the highest elevation plants collection record for a seed plant in the world to date. These rare, high-elevation plants could be threatened by popular climbing activities, as well as by climate change.

In order to understand and monitor alpine plants at risk from climate change and human activities at extreme high elevation, collectors from the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species (GBOWS), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted seed collecting expeditions to Mount Everest in 2021. Five seed plant species were found around 6,200 m asl, and mature seeds of Solms-laubachia himalayensis and Saussurea gnaphalodes were collected and stored at GBOWS. The initial germination of Solms-laubachia himalayensis showed a 100% germination rate, and after eight months of cold storage at -20℃, the seed germination rate remains high. Researchers will continue to work on these collections to understand the biological mechanisms involved in adapting to the extreme adverse environment.

Solms-laubachia himalayensis flourishing at  6,212 m asl. (Photo credit: GBOWS)

 Recording Saussurea gnaphalodes at 6,221 m asl. (Photo credit: GBOWS) 

Seeds of Solms-laubachia himalayensis (Photo credit: GBOWS) 

Seed germination of Solms-laubachia himalayensis. (Photo credit: GBOWS)

(Editor:YANG Mei)